Does Friedmann equation allow for complex scale factor?

In summary, the Friedmann equation shows the relationship between the Hubble parameter, energy density, and curvature. When considering positive curvature, the equation simplifies to where the second term dominates and the scale factor becomes complex. This can also imply negative curvature in this limit. The equation can be rearranged to show that curvature is equal to the positive contribution from energy density minus the negative contribution from expansion. In a closed universe, the curvature can have a time dependence, such as its radius.
  • #1
Piano man
75
0
Looking at the Friedmann equation
[tex]H^2=\left[\frac{\dot{a}}{a}\right]^2=\frac{8\pi G\rho}{3}-\frac{kc^2}{a^2}[/tex]

and considering positive curvature, then for the limit where the second term dominates, we're left with
[tex]\left[\frac{\dot{a}}{a}\right]^2=-\frac{kc^2}{a^2}[/tex]

This implies a complex scale factor, does it not?
 
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  • #2
This implies a complex scale factor, does it not?
Either that, or it implies that the curvature in this limit is negative. Which is the case.
IMHO, the equation makes more sense if you rearrange it:
[tex]\frac{kc^2}{a^2}=\left[\frac{\dot{a}}{a}\right]^2=\frac{8\pi G\rho}{3}-H^2[/tex]
Read: Curvature = positive contribution from energy density - negative contribution from expansion.
 
  • #3
Okay, so the curvature has a time dependence k=k(t)?
 
  • #4
Right. For example, in a closed universe, it could be its radius.
 

Related to Does Friedmann equation allow for complex scale factor?

What is the Friedmann equation?

The Friedmann equation is a mathematical equation used in cosmology to describe the expansion of the universe over time. It is named after the Russian physicist Alexander Friedmann, who first derived it in 1922.

What is the scale factor in the Friedmann equation?

The scale factor, denoted as a, is a unitless quantity in the Friedmann equation that represents the change in the size of the universe over time. It is often used to describe the expansion or contraction of the universe.

Can the scale factor in the Friedmann equation be complex?

No, the scale factor in the Friedmann equation is typically assumed to be a real number. This is because it represents a physical quantity, the size of the universe, which cannot have an imaginary component.

What would happen if the scale factor in the Friedmann equation were complex?

If the scale factor were complex, it would have implications for our understanding of the expansion of the universe. It could potentially lead to different predictions about the evolution of the universe and the behavior of physical phenomena within it.

Are there any alternative theories that allow for a complex scale factor?

Yes, there are alternative theories of cosmology that allow for a complex scale factor. One example is the complex Friedmann equation proposed by the physicist George Ellis, which incorporates both real and imaginary components to the scale factor.

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