Derive angular momentum of planet with elliptical orbit

In summary, this conversation discusses the calculation of the angular momentum of a planet orbiting the Sun along an elliptical orbit. The relevant equations include the angular momentum formula and the distance from the Sun to the planet. The attempt at a solution involves using conservation of energy to determine the velocity at perihelion and aphelion, and then using that value in the angular momentum formula.
  • #1
psychicist
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Homework Statement


A planet of mass m orbiting the Sun(mass=[tex]m_s[/tex] along an elliptical orbit, with aphelion r1 and perihelion r2. Find the angular momentum of the planet relative to the centre of the Sun.


Homework Equations


Angular momentum, [tex]M=m(R\times v)=mvR sin\theta[/tex]
Distance from Sun to the planet, [tex]R=\frac{2{r_1}{r_2}}{(r_1+r_2)-(r_1-r_2)cos \theta}[/tex]
while [tex]\theta[/tex] is the angle of [tex]\overrightangle{R}[/tex] from the semi-major axis, which varies with time.

The Attempt at a Solution


Known that the angular momtentum is conserved along its motion, with v, R, and \theta varies with time but not sure that whether it is useful to derive the value of R, and I don't know how to relate this 3 variables together. Can anyone help me? Thank you very much!
 
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  • #2
Oh just use energy conservation to equate energies at perihelion and aphelion and you'll be able to get a velocity at either point. Plug it into the corresponding angular momentum formula!
 

Related to Derive angular momentum of planet with elliptical orbit

What is angular momentum?

Angular momentum is a measure of an object's rotational motion, calculated by multiplying the moment of inertia (a measure of an object's resistance to rotation) by its angular velocity (the rate at which it rotates).

How is angular momentum related to a planet's orbit?

Angular momentum is conserved in a closed system, meaning it stays constant unless acted upon by an external force. In the case of a planet orbiting a star, the planet's angular momentum remains constant as it moves along its elliptical orbit.

What factors affect a planet's angular momentum?

The main factors that affect a planet's angular momentum are its mass, distance from the central body, and orbital speed. A planet with a larger mass, further distance, and faster orbital speed will have a greater angular momentum.

How do you derive the angular momentum of a planet with an elliptical orbit?

The angular momentum of a planet with an elliptical orbit can be derived by multiplying the planet's mass by its distance from the central body, and then multiplying that value by its orbital velocity.

What happens to a planet's angular momentum as it moves along its elliptical orbit?

As a planet moves along its elliptical orbit, its distance from the central body and orbital velocity change. However, due to the conservation of angular momentum, the product of these two values will remain constant, meaning the planet's angular momentum stays the same.

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