Conservation of linear, angular momentum and energy in a collision

In summary, the conservation of linear momentum and angular momentum with respect to point O and the conservation of mechanical energy are all conserved in the system before, during, and after the collision between mass 1 and mass 2. During the collision, the tension exerted by the bar on the ball affects the conservation of linear momentum, but the conservation of angular momentum and energy remain unchanged. It is unclear in which direction mass 2 will move after the collision, as it depends on the specific type of collision and whether the rod is rigid or not.
  • #1
paalfis
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2

Homework Statement


Mass 2 collides with mass 1 as shown in the image, mass 1 is attached to the stick and it is initially stationary. Consider that the stick is massless and can rotate around the point O. The entire system is on a frictionless table.
Which magnitudes are conserved in the system {m1,m2} before, during and after the collision?

Comments: no information is given (at this stage of the problem) about what kind of collision we are talking about.

The Attempt at a Solution



Before the collision:

  • External Forces sum up to zero-->Linear Momentum is conserved.
  • For the same reason, angular momentum with respect to O is conserved.
  • There are not any non conservative forces in the system-->Mechanical energy is conserved.
During the Collision:
  • The bar exerts a force on the ball (Tension) --> linear momentum is not conserved.
  • The tension is a central force --> Angular Momentum is conserved.
  • The Tension is perpendicular to the movement of m2, so energy is conserved.
After the collision: I think it is exactly the same as during the collision, is this ok?The next question is, in which direction does m2 move after the collision.
 

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  • #2
paalfis said:
  • The Tension is perpendicular to the movement of m2, so energy is conserved.
It's only perpendicular to the subsequent movement. You cannot apply that at the instant of collision. It is not stated whether the collision between the masses is elastic, but if the rod is rigid and an impulse 'tries' to change its length then that is effectively an inelastic collision.
 

Related to Conservation of linear, angular momentum and energy in a collision

1. What is conservation of linear momentum and how does it apply to collisions?

The law of conservation of linear momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant, regardless of any external forces acting on the system. In a collision, the total momentum of the objects involved before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

2. How does the conservation of angular momentum apply to rotational collisions?

Similar to linear momentum, the law of conservation of angular momentum states that the total angular momentum of a closed system remains constant. In a rotational collision, the total angular momentum before the collision is equal to the total angular momentum after the collision, taking into account any external torques acting on the system.

3. What is the relationship between kinetic energy and momentum in a collision?

In a collision, there is a transfer of energy between the objects involved. The total kinetic energy of the system before the collision is equal to the total kinetic energy after the collision. However, the distribution of kinetic energy between the objects may change due to the transfer of momentum.

4. Can the conservation laws be applied to all types of collisions?

Yes, the conservation of linear and angular momentum, as well as energy, can be applied to all types of collisions. This includes elastic collisions, where there is no loss of kinetic energy, and inelastic collisions, where some kinetic energy is lost due to deformation or friction.

5. What factors can affect the conservation of momentum and energy in a collision?

The conservation laws are based on the assumption that the collision is occurring in a closed system, meaning there are no external forces or torques acting on the objects. If there are external factors, such as air resistance or friction, they can affect the conservation of momentum and energy in a collision and may result in some loss of energy.

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