A capacitor is an electrical component that stores energy in an electric field. It is made up of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material, known as a dielectric.
When a capacitor is connected to a power source, such as a battery, it charges by accumulating electrons on one of its plates. This creates an electric field between the plates, and the capacitor is said to be charged. When the power source is removed, the capacitor discharges as the electrons flow back to the other plate, creating an electric current.
Capacitor current in function of time is a graphical representation of the flow of electric current as a capacitor charges or discharges over time. It shows how the current changes as the capacitor's charge increases or decreases.
The rate of change of capacitor current is affected by the capacitance of the capacitor, the voltage of the power source, and the resistance in the circuit. A higher capacitance or voltage will result in a faster rate of change, while a higher resistance will slow down the rate of change.
The equation for capacitor current in function of time is I(t) = C(dV/dt), where I(t) is the current at a given time, C is the capacitance of the capacitor, and dV/dt is the rate of change of voltage over time.