Can a Free Electron Absorb All the Energy of a Photon?

In summary, using energy and momentum conservation, it can be shown that a free electron is unable to absorb all the energy of a photon. This is due to the Einstein energy-momentum formula, which states that the energy of a particle is related to its mass and momentum. By setting the initial energies of the photon and electron equal to the final energies, it can be seen that the energy before and after must also be equal, and the same applies for momentum. By considering both energy and momentum conservation, it becomes clear that the electron cannot absorb all the energy of the photon.
  • #1
Void123
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Homework Statement



Using energy and momentum conservation requirements, show that a free electron cannot absorb all the energy of a photon.



Homework Equations



Einstein energy-momentum formula:

(E)² = (mc²)² - (cp)², where m = mass, E = energy, c = speed of light, and p = momentum vector.


The Attempt at a Solution



I expanded this by setting the initial energies of the photon and electron equal to the final. However, I am not entirely sure what significant expression I'm supposed to be looking for here in order to answer this question.

Thanks.
 
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  • #2
Your energy equation is incorrect; the minus sign on the right side should plus. Energy conservation requires you to write

Energy before = Energy after

So you need to find expressions for the "before" and "after" energy and set them equal. Finally, you have not considered momentum conservation. This requires you to find expressions for the "before" and "after" momentum and to write

Momentum before = Momentum after

Do all this and you might be able to see where this is going.
 

Related to Can a Free Electron Absorb All the Energy of a Photon?

1. What is photon electron scattering?

Photon electron scattering is a physical phenomenon in which a high-energy photon (a particle of light) collides with an electron, causing the electron to change direction and energy. This process is also known as Compton scattering and is a fundamental process in understanding the interaction between light and matter.

2. How does photon electron scattering occur?

Photon electron scattering occurs when a high-energy photon interacts with an electron. The photon transfers some of its energy and momentum to the electron, causing it to change direction and energy. This process is governed by the laws of quantum mechanics and can be described mathematically using the Compton scattering formula.

3. What is the significance of photon electron scattering?

Photon electron scattering is a crucial process in many fields of science, including quantum mechanics, astrophysics, and materials science. It allows us to understand the behavior of particles of light and their interactions with matter, which is essential in developing technologies such as lasers and solar cells.

4. What are the applications of photon electron scattering?

Photon electron scattering has many applications, including medical imaging (such as X-rays), materials analysis, and particle accelerators. It is also used in research to study the structure and properties of materials, atoms, and subatomic particles.

5. Can photon electron scattering be observed?

Yes, photon electron scattering can be observed and measured in experiments using high-energy particles and specialized equipment. The results of these experiments provide valuable insights into the nature of light and matter and can help us better understand the world around us.

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