What is Hybridization: Definition and 77 Discussions

In molecular biology, hybridization (or hybridisation) is a phenomenon in which single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules anneal to complementary DNA or RNA. Though a double-stranded DNA sequence is generally stable under physiological conditions, changing these conditions in the laboratory (generally by raising the surrounding temperature) will cause the molecules to separate into single strands. These strands are complementary to each other but may also be complementary to other sequences present in their surroundings. Lowering the surrounding temperature allows the single-stranded molecules to anneal or “hybridize” to each other.
DNA replication and transcription of DNA into RNA both rely upon nucleotide hybridization, as do molecular biology techniques including Southern blots and Northern blots, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and most approaches to DNA sequencing.

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  1. L

    SP2 Hybridization: C2H4 vs C2H2

    In my take home study guide it says that C2H4 is an example of an SP2 hybridization... but when I draw out the electronic geometry I do not get a SP2 hybridization... am I doing something wrong or is my handout incorrect. I get C2H2 as being an example of an SP2 hybridization
  2. E

    Can someone please explain hybridization to me

    Can someone please explain hybridization to me, the best way you can, I don't understand it at alll. Any way you can explain would be a great help. Thank You (:
  3. A

    Can the concept of hybridization be applied to what we consider ionic,

    Can the concept of hybridization be applied to what we consider ionic, such as MgCl2 (sp hybridization, if we apply it)?
  4. A

    Hybridization problem about guanidine.

    Structure of guanidine is as follows: The central carbon atom is obviously of sp2 hybridization and there is 1 unhybridized p orbital remaining. I suppose that the N atom doubly-bonded to C is of sp hybridization and the other 2 N atoms are of sp2 hybridization. Am I right?
  5. T

    Hybridization of Carbon in a Triple Bond: Explained

    Homework Statement What type of hybridization occurs in the orbitals of a carbon atom participating in a triple bond with another carbon atom? The Attempt at a Solution I honestly thought it would be sp3 but it turns out to be sp. Can someone explain this to me? Thanks!
  6. R

    Hybridization and Sigma and Pi bonds

    Say we have sp2 hybridization of nitrogen, can the unhybridized p orbital form sigma bonds too or can it only form pi bonds? So in the case of nitrogen, it would be able to form molecules with 2 sigma bonds and one pi bond, correct? Thanks
  7. dextercioby

    Hybridization states of the 8 orbitals (*) of Xe and Os

    Dear all, can you point me to a book reference where the hybridization states of the 8 orbitals (*) of Xe and Os in these 2 compounds \mbox{XeF_{8}} and \mbox{OsF_{8}} are justified in agreement with the quantum theory? Do these 16 bonds involve the "f" orbitals or not ? Thank you...
  8. E

    Lewis structure, hybridization and VSEPR

    Homework Statement Consider the related molecules POF2- and POF3. Choose all the following statements that are correct for both molecules. Homework Equations A) P atom is sp3-hybridised B) The F-P-F bond angle will be approximately 109.5 degrees C) Geometry around he P centre is...
  9. R

    Hybridization of S & F: Atomic Orbitals & Electrons

    Homework Statement 1. What atomic orbital/orbitals are available for bonding for S (Sulfur) and F (Fluorine)? 2. How many electrons are in an orbital formed from the overlapping of two atomic orbitals, which are different? Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution 1. For this...
  10. O

    Why is there hybridization of orbitals?

    Hi, we often learn that orbital hybridization helps us in explaining the bond angle and bond length for simple molecules, e.g. CH4. But why is it that s and p orbitals undergo hybridization? Is it because the resulting hybridized orbitals are more stable?
  11. T

    Trouble understanding orbital hybridization

    As the title suggests, i am having difficulty understanding orbital hybridization, as well as pi and sigma bonds. Can someone help me out and/or point me in the right direction? Thanks Tom
  12. S

    What Determines the Bonding Structure of Sulfur Trioxide?

    Hi peeps can someone help me with this? The central atom would be sulfur correct? So that means sulfur will invoke hybridization sp2 would be use since there are 3 bonds? However when we invoke hybridization there are 2 2s electron and 2 2p electrons in the orbital(doesn't really know how to say...
  13. F

    Can You Have a s2p3 Orbital or sp5d Hybridization in Molecules?

    When mixing orbitals, is it possible to have a s2p3 orbital ( or anything along the lines of having a s2shell)? Also, are any combinations of hybridization orbitals possbile? For example. BrF2+, would the hybrid orbital used be sp5d or something different?
  14. W

    What is the hybridization of C in R - N=C=O

    R - N=C=O is the isocyanate group. I have been trying to use a molsym program and it requires that value as input? The starting value is important. Thanks for any info.
  15. A

    Question regarding hybridization of Carbon

    The question that I have is regarding the hybridization of the Carbon atom in the molecule Carbanion [CH3]- My question is Why is the carbon atom in Carbanion hybridized to sp3 orbitals instead of sp2? shouldn't it be sp2 since the carbon atom is only making 3 bonds with...
  16. S

    Sulfur trioxide hybridization?

    I'm just curious about how the sulfer's molecular orbitals would be described in sulfer trioxide. I can see that the molecule is trigonal planar, but how is it involved in 3 pi bonds? Also I'm sure that a d orbital or two is involved... but can't sp3d, sp3d2 orbitals only do sigma bonds? Thanks.
  17. H

    Chemistry Hybridization On Organic Molecule Salitoxin

    http://img176.imagevenue.com/img.php?image=24632_help-please_122_195lo.JPG" How is the hybridization on B (a nitrogen atom - refer to pic) sp3? I only see 2 bonds? how else can i complete an octet? Could someone explain the answers to me please..i have a day remaining before my exam..im...
  18. S

    MO Theory, sp Hybridization question

    Recently I begun learning about molecular orbitals and the geometry of an sp orbital. It is my understanding that in the creation of an sp orbital with the combination of an s orbital and p orbital, one gets something that resembles half of a p-orbital (although larger). My professor noted...
  19. H

    Is the Hybridization of AsH3 sp3 or sp3d?

    HI! I have a quick question...we were asked on a quiz to draw the lewis dot structure for AsH3. Then describe the bonding scheme for the molecule in terms of hybridization. I wrote that since As is in group 5...it has 5 electrons with 3 H bonded to it. In lab we were told to count lone...
  20. H

    Chemistry Lewis Structures: Shapes and Hybridization & Molecular Orbital Diagram

    I don't think the problems I'm going to post are very difficult, but I'm totally clueless regarding chemistry, so they're pretty difficult for me ^^;; I also have a lot of questions to ask, so I hope you don't mind my sticking them all into one topic. I'm looking forward to your help. You don't...
  21. L

    Hybridization and Geometry of OH- Ion

    Question: State the hybridization used and the molecular geometry shape of hydroxide ion, OH-. Okay, so I draw out the Lewis structure, where there are 6 electrons (3 lone pairs) around the O atom, which is bonded to the H atom. So, I think base on the 3 nonbonding domains and 1 bonding...
  22. Z

    Calculating Wavefunction Angles in sp3 Hybridization - How to Use Integrals?

    I'm given the following matrix equation: I'm also given: We're supposed to show that the angle between any two of these wave functions is 109.5 (characteristic of sp3 hybridization). I assume I need to calculate the expectation values of x, y and z and then use the dot product, but I'm at...
  23. D

    Is There a Universal Model for Predicting All Molecular Geometries?

    I read somewhere on net that hybridization, which is a good model for most of the compounds, is not entirely correct i.e. some molecules show considerable deviation in there molecular geometry from the predictions of the hybrid model and we only use it because it is easier way to understand the...
  24. A

    Atomic Orbitals vs. Molecular Orbitals and Hybridization

    Hey everyone! I was wondering, when orbitals are hybridized, new hybrid Atomic Orbitals (AO) are formed. Now, when these hybrid atomic orbotals bond with another atomic orbitals, are molecular orbitals formed? For example, when 2 Hydrogens bond to form H2, the 1s orbitals overlap to form 2...
  25. J

    Good website that explains hybridization

    Anyone have a good website that explains hybridization, Kindergarten style? I'm just not getting it
  26. N

    Can hybridization lead to successful survival of animals with modified genes?

    My friend said that any animals who have had genes from a different species inserted into them and become "hybrids" would not have survived/would have been really screwed up Is that true? thanks
  27. C

    When Do Orbitals Hybridize in Chemistry?

    Hello, The geometric form of the water molecule is explained in chemistry books by the hybridization of certain orbitals, in this case the 2p and 2s orbitals.The resulting hybridized orbital then gets the geometric form observed. I know that hybridization is permitted by the fact that...
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