I am trying to wrap my brain around the idea of the cosmological constant, and how it gives the result of an accelerating universe.
I have read different explanations for it, and in some it gives me the impression that it is an actual physical force, pushing everything away from everything...
It looks to me like you are interpreting the problem as if the extra 2 protons are being created just from energy. I assume in this problem the reaction is a carbon 12 atom combining with an alpha particle to make oxygen. You just have to calculate the difference in mass of the oxygen from the...
Homework Statement
I am supposed use stat mech to find the particle density in Earth's atmosphere given only the particle mass, and temperature, and the planet's mass I guess. And I don't really know where to begin. Obviously I need to use the grand canonical ensemble but I don't know where to...